[HANASHIR:1573] Re: substitution

[Rglauber <Rglauber...>]

<< Rick:  Is the ii sort of a "substitute" for the IV?  Emily
  >>

Who's Rick? 

But anyway, yes, the ii is a sort of substitute for the IV chord in that they
share two of three notes in common.  If we're in the key of C,  the ii chord
is Dminor (D F A), and the IV chord is F (F A C).  Since they're so closely
related, one can "substitute" for the other in most situations.  

Note, however, that when I was referring to the "basic ii  V  I  way of
jazzing up popular music", this is not what I'm talking about.  

Rich Glauber